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ist is a petitor。 These organisms tend to have big bodies; are long…lived; and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction。 An oak tree is a good example of a petitor。 A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more; outpeting all other would…be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil。 The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins; a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms。 The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity。 Although oaks produce thousands of acorns; the investment in a crop of acorns is small pared with the energy spent on building leaves; trunk; and roots。 Once an oak tree bees established; it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire。 A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time; and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of petition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events。 It should be noted; however; that the pure opportunist or pure petitor is rare in nature; as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum; exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some petitive characteristics。
与opportunist相对应,本段以橡树为例,同样从“形态、生存时间、种群数量、能量分配”等方面介绍植物中的petitor的特点:
1。 具有强大的体态,能生存更长时间,不会将大部分能量用于繁殖;
2。 由于生存时间较长,且能抵抗恶劣环境,因此橡树的种群数量相对稳定。
二、阅读题目类型
托福阅读的题型主要分为以下几类:
Factual Information(事实信息题)
Negative Factual Information(否定排除题)
Inference(推论题)
Rhetorical Purpose(修辞题)
Vocabulary(词汇题)
Reference(指代题)
Sentence Simplification(句子简化题)
Insert Text(插入文字题)
Fill in a Table(图表题)
Prose Summary(总结题)
下面,我们将为考生提供一些解题的思路:
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